How to Use the Major French Verb Vouloir

The French verb  vouloir means to want or to wish. It is one of the  10 most common French verbs  and you will use it just as much as  avoir  and à ªtre. It has several different meanings, depending on the tense and mood, and its the driving element in numerous idiomatic expressions. Vouloir  is also an irregular verb, which means that you will need to memorize the conjugation because it doesnt rely on a common pattern. Dont worry, though, well discuss everything you need to know about  vouloir. Vouloir  and Politeness The French verb vouloir is frequently used to politely ask for something in French. Je voudrais tà ©là ©phoner sil vous plaà ®t. -  I would like to make a phone call, please.Voulez-vous maider, sil vous plaà ®t? -  Will you help me, please?Veux-tu tasseoir, sil te plaà ®t  ? -  Please sit down.Voulez-vous venir avec moi?  - Do you want to come with me? Vouloir is also frequently used to politely extend an offer or invitation. Note that in French, it is used in the present indicative whereas English would use the present conditional. Est-ce que tu veux dà ®ner avec moi ? -  Would you like to have dinner with me?Voulez-vous un peu plus de pain ? -  Would you like a little more bread? When someone invites you to do something saying, Would you like to..., your response should be just as subtle. Answering Non, je ne veux pas (No, I dont want to.) is quite strong and considered too blunt. To accept, we usually say, Oui, je veux bien. (Yes, Id love to.) Here again, we use the present indicative, not the conditional. Or you can just say, Volontiers. (With pleasure.) To refuse, its common to apologize and then explain why you cannot accept, using the irregular verb devoir in the response. For example, Ah, je voudrais bien, mais je ne peux pas. Je dois travailler...  (Ah, Id love to, but I cant. I have to work...). Memorizing Conjugations of  Vouloir We will examine more meanings of  vouloir  in French expressions later in this lesson. First,  lets learn how to conjugate  vouloir. Remember that this is an irregular verb, so you will need to commit each form to memory. This lesson can seem intense and it is a lot to memorize, thats why its best to take it one step at a time. As you begin, concentrate on the most useful tenses, including  the prà ©sent, imparfait, and passà © composà © and practice  using them in context. Once youve mastered those, go ahead and move on to the rest. Its also strongly recommended to train with an audio source.  There are many liaisons, elisions. and modern glidings used  with French verbs, and the written form may mislead you into assuming an incorrect pronunciation.   Vouloir  in the  Infinitive Mood To serve as a foundation for the conjugations of  vouloir, it is important to understand the infinitive forms of the verb. Theyre rather easy and you already know the present infinitive. Present Infinitive (Infinitif Prà ©sent):  vouloir Past Infinitive (Infinitif Passà ©):  avoir voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Indicative Mood The most important conjugations of any French verb are those in the indicative mood. These state the action as a fact and include the present, past, and future tenses. Make these a priority while studying  vouloir . Present (Prsent)je veuxtu veuxil veutnous voulonsvous voulezils veulent Present Perfect (Pass compos)jai voulutu as vouluil a voulunous avons vouluvous avez vouluils ont voulu Imperfect (Imparfait)je voulaistu voulaisil voulaitnous voulionsvous vouliezils voulaient Pluperfect (Plus-que-parfait)javais voulutu avais vouluil avait voulunous avions vouluvous aviez vouluils avaient voulu Future (Futur)je voudraitu voudrasil voudranous voudronsvous voudrezils voudront Future Perfect (Futur antrieur)jaurai voulutu auras vouluil aura voulunous aurons vouluvous aurez vouluils auront voulu Simple Past (Pass simple)je voulustu voulusil voulutnous voulmesvous voultesils voulurent Past Anterior (Pass antrieur)jeus voulutu eus vouluil eut voulunous emes vouluvous etes vouluils eurent voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Conditional Mood The conditional mood is used when the verbs action is uncertain. It implies that the wanting will only happen if certain conditions are met. The politeness associated with  vouloir  appears again when using it in the conditional mood.   For example: Je voudrais du thà ©. -  I would like some tea.Voudriez-vous venir avec nous  ? -  Would you like to come with us?  Je voudrais ceci. -  I would like this one.Je voudrais faire un enfant. -  Id like to have a child. Present Cond. (Cond. Prsent) Past Cond. (Cond. Pass) je voudraistu voudraisil voudraitnous voudrionsvous voudriezils voudraient jaurais voulutu aurais vouluil aurait voulunous aurions vouluvous auriez vouluils auraient voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Subjunctive Mood Similar to the conditional, the subjunctive mood is used when the action is questionable in some way. Present Subjunctive (Subjonctif Prsent)que je veuilleque tu veuillesquil veuilleque nous voulionsque vous vouliezquils veuillent Past Subjunctive (Subjonctif Pass)que jaie vouluque tu aies vouluquil ait vouluque nous ayons vouluque vous ayez vouluquils aient voulu Subj. Imperfect (Subj. Imparfait)que je voulusseque tu voulussesquil voultque nous voulussionsque vous voulussiezquils voulussent Subj. Pluperfect (Subj. Plus-que-parfait)que jeusse vouluque tu eusses vouluquil et vouluque nous eussions vouluque vous eussiez vouluquils eussent voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Imperative Mood The present imperative of  vouloir  is also used to politely say something like, Could you please. This is little weird since in French we dont use can but instead use want. Veuillez  mexcusez. -  Would you please excuse me?  / Could you excuse me?Veuillez  mexcuser. -  Please (be so kind as to) excuse me.Veuillez vous asseoir. -  Please sit down.Veuillez  patienter. -  Please wait. Note that even though it is listed in grammar books, rarely will you hear anyone use the  tu  form in the imperative, as in: Veuille  mexcuser. We would say instead,  Est-ce  que  tu  veux  bien  mexcuser  ? Present Imperative (Impratif Prsent) Past Imperative (Impratif Pass) veux/veuillevoulonsvoulez/veuillez aie vouluayons vouluayez voulu Vouloir in the  Participle Mood As you become more fluent in French, its a good idea to study and understand how to use the particle moods for verbs. Since  vouloir  is such a common verb, youll certainly want to study its usage in these forms. Present Participle (Participe Prà ©sent):  voulant Past Participle (Participe Passà ©):  voulu / ayant voulu Perfect Participle (Participe P.C.): ayant voulu​ Vouloir-isms There are a couple of peculiarities about using  vouloir  that you should be familiar with. When  vouloir  is followed directly by an infinitive, there is no need to add a preposition.  For example: Je veux le faire. -  I want to do it.Nous voulons savoir. -  We want to know. When  vouloir  is used  in  a  main clause  and there is  another verb in a  subordinate clause, that verb should be in the  subjunctive. These are mainly  vouloir que  constructions. For example: Je veux quil le fasse. -  I want him to do it.Nous voulons que tu le saches.   We want you to know (it). The Many Meanings of  Vouloir Vouloir is used to mean many things in many constructions and it is commonly found in French phrases. Some of this derives from its propensity to play a part in versatile  idiomatic expressions. Vouloir, cest pouvoir.  (proverb) - Where theres a will, theres a way.ne pas vouloir blesser quelquun -  to not mean to hurt someonene pas vouloir quon se croie obligà © -  to not want someone to feel obliged Vouloir  may be used as a strong will or command in various contexts. Je veux danser avec toi. -   I want to dance with you.Voulez-vous parler  ? -   Do you wish to speak?Je ne veux pas le faire  ! -   I dont want to / I wont do it!Je ne veux pas de dessert. -   I dont want any dessert.Il ne veut pas venir.  -  He doesnt want to come.vouloir faire  -  to want to dovouloir que quelquun fasse quelque chose  -  to want someone to do somethingQue veux-tu que je te dise?  -  What do you want me to say to you?sans le vouloir -   without meaning to,  unintentionallyJe lai vexà © sans le vouloir. -   I upset him without meaning to. Vouloir bien  means to be willing to, to be glad to, to be good / kind enough to. Tu veux faire la vaisselle ?  -  Do you want to do the dishes?Je veux bien - Thats fine.  Je veux bien le faire.  -   Ill be happy to do it.Elle veut bien lacheter, mais il ne le vend pas.  -   Shes willing to buy it, but hes not selling it.Aidez-moi, si vous voulez bien. -   Help me, if you would be so kind. Vouloir dire  translates as to mean.   Quest-ce que à §a veut dire?  -  What does that mean?Mais enfin, quest-ce que à §a veut dire? -  Whats all this about then?Que veut dire volontiers ? -   What does  volontiers  mean?Volontiers veut dire gladly. -   Volontiers means gladly. En vouloir à   quelquun  means to be angry at someone, to bear someone  a grudge, to hold it against someone. Il men veut de lavoir fait. -   He holds it against me for doing that.Ne men veux pas  ! -   Dont be angry with me! Careful! When  en vouloir  is by itself with no object of scorn mentioned,  it can simply mean  to want some:   Elle en veux trois.  -  She wants three of them. Depending on the context and, again, without an indirect object pronoun,  en vouloir  can also mean to be ambitious or to want to make something of life.

The American Crisis By Thomas Paine - 998 Words

The American Crisis is a pamphlet series by 18th century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine, originally published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution. Often known as The American Crisis or simply The Crisis, there are 16 pamphlets in total. Thirteen numbered pamphlets were published between 1776 and 1777, with three additional pamphlets released between 1777 and 1783. The first of the pamphlets were published in Pennsylvania Journal. Paine signed the pamphlets with the pseudonym, Common Sense.The pamphlets were contemporaneous with early parts of the American Revolution, during a time when colonists needed inspiring works. Paine, like many other politicians and scholars, knew that the Colonists weren t going†¦show more content†¦Paine sees the British political and military maneuvers in America as impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God. Paine states that he believes God supports the American cause, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent.Paine takes great lengths to state that Americans do not lack force, but a proper application of that force - implying throughout that an extended war can lead only to defeat unless a stable army was composed not of militia but of trained professionals. But Paine maintains a positive view overall, hoping that this American crisis can be quickly resolved, for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine, the coal can never expire.The Crisis No. 1 starts out with the famous line These are the times that try men s souls, and goes on to talk about how Britain has no right to invade America, saying that it is a power belonging only to God. 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Was Chivalry in Decline During the 14th and 15th Centuries Free Essays

Far from disappearing, chivalry during the 14 and 15th centuries it was actually going through somewhat of a revival, some historians even go as far to say it was experiencing a â€Å"renascence† in the late middle ages albeit an imperfect one. Even though it appears in this period of medieval history that chivalry was becoming all the more popular, fashionable even, the meaning and spirit behind chivalry that were so important during the first crusades were dilapidated, therefore one can see why it can be viewed that chivalry was in decline in the 14th 15th century. This is especially apparent seeing as Chivalry became a tool to be wielded by those privileged enough to have the money and influence to use it. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Chivalry in Decline During the 14th and 15th Centuries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore despite the large amount of bravado surrounding chivalry in the later medieval period, this just underlines the fact that chivalry in the 14th and 15th centuries was a hollow shell of what it had been in the time of the crusades. Kilgour indentifies chivalry in the early medieval period as the â€Å"First heroic age† where a â€Å"fusion of military glory and religion† was achieved for the first time. In his description of the glory of chivalry in its early days Kilgour only stresses the devaluation of chivalry in its time of decline in the 14th and 15th century. The writings of J Huizinga in which he describes the return of chivalry as †a rather artificial revival of things long dead, a sort of deliberate and insincere renascence of ideas drained of any real value† offer a clear analysis of chivalry and its decline as an ideal with any real meaning during the 14th and 15th century. Even though to a large extent he is certainly right to view chivalry as a hollow shell of what it was, his statement is slightly implausible because by no means were there no chivalric deeds performed that would not have seemed out of place some 200 years earlier during the crusades, for example: â€Å"A knight of the nation of Hainault named Sir Loys de Robessart. One day it happened that his enemies found him in a village with few of his people with him. There they attacked him and staged a fine skirmish. And although his enemies where great in numbers and much stronger he drove them out of he village. Thereupon a great force of his enemies renewed the attack, and although he sighted them at a distance, all the same he disdained to flee or to show any signs of fear. But with very steady, noble and virtuous courage sallied forth and in order to uphold the honour of this order of chivalry and of himself he determined to hold his ground, and there he died gloriously, for before he di ed when he saw he could not hold he made his men withdraw to the castle, for which act he was greatly praised both by his enemies and his own men. † From this example it is apparent that there were cases in which chivalric actions were not completely selfless, suggesting to one that chivalry was not in decline. Never the less mindful of Maurice Keens remark that the value of chivalry signified by the heroic ideals of the earlier romances has been lost to sight in a quest for imitative decoration, it is thus easy to see that perhaps even the most selfless cases of chivalry recorded by historians like the tale of Roberssart just suit to underpin the inherent flaws in late medieval chivalry with their â€Å"quest for imitative decoration. There is however one issue in the early medieval period that is conceivably the defining factor in best determining if there was a decline in chivalry in the 14th and 15th century, one that is not explored by Huizinga or Kilgour. It is whether the state of chivalry in its â€Å"first heroic age† was any different in its ideals and value before it had collapsed into a â€Å"mad, exaggerated display. One aspect that might prove this conclusion to be correct is raised by Maurice Keen who observes that some of the evidence describing chivalry, although being less plentiful in the 12th century is remarkably similar to what is being said two or three hundred years later. This example is enough to convince one that there was little difference in the spirit of chivalry at its beginning in the 12th and 13th centuries, suggesting that there was not a decline in chivalry due to it losing its meaning because that meaning was unchanged in some two hundred years. Despite her argument there is some evidence which disproves Maurice Keen’s notion of a chivalric spirit unchanged over two hundred years, which apart from being implausible, is proved to be inaccurate due to the evolution of chivalry as a tool to be used for selfish ends further undermining the ideals for which chivalry stands. The best illustration of chivalry being used as a tool is when it started to be harnessed for means of propaganda. This can be seen most prominently at the Vow of the Pheasant and the banquet held at Lille in 1445, in which the banquet was used to lavishly display a sense of chivalry with the intention of trying to gain the adequate support to initiate a crusade along the Mediterranean. However this was no excessive imitation of the past but was a calculated move by King Philip the Good, a move which perfectly illustrates the decline of chivalry in the late Middle Ages. What one also needs to understand is that this was not an isolated case. Chivalry was used as a tool in other ways as well. For example many Dukes’ Counts and court officials hoped that by exploiting the genuine respect for chivalrous values and conduct they could â€Å"solidify† respect for their rather â€Å"shaky† ducal authority. This point is interestingly supported by Maurice Keen who despite her previous argument explains that â€Å"chivalry was something secular princes could exploit† mainly because it was taken so seriously by â€Å"a very important sector of people. What makes her statement even more plausible is that it is reinforced by Raymond Kilgour, whose view is that an event such as these pageants evolved without a â€Å"deeper value to society† such was the extent to the dilapidation of chivalry, and its decline in the 14th and 15th centuries Despite much evidence to prove that chivalry was in decline in the late medieval period of the 14th and 15th centuries, some events just do not lend themselves to be interpreted it in this way. Especially when taken into account that a definition of the word decline is â€Å"the period when something reaches its end† this is particularly interesting as there are some documents which raise the question whether chivalry actually ever reached a period of definite decline at all in the 15th and 14th centuries, despite its withering spirit. One such piece of evidence that supports this view is a table listing all books printed in Venice in reference to military affairs. This specific document is useful because of all the works devoted to military affairs or dealing with them, the most prevalent category of book published was that of the laws of war and chivalry. The fact that this table lists books on chivalric warfare as being so popular this late on in the 1400’s must denote that chivalry was not in decline, for if it was going through a tangible Decline it would surely not have been such a popular subject for publishing. However if we are to take Huizinga’s view that chivalry was nothing more than â€Å"a rather artificial revival of things long dead† this would explain why even though chivalry exercised a â€Å"disastrous† affect on wars in this period of late medieval period it was still so wrote about. Another interpretation which supports Huizinga’s view is that litterateurs of the time where probably trying to capitalize on chivalry as a popular subject, similar to the way that secular princes used chivalry as a tool as Maurice Keen pointed out. Chivalry in practise was obviously not in decline in the late medieval period however in spirit it was, a perfect exhibition of this is shown through the disastrous effect chivalry had on the outcome of wars and on France itself. This was mainly the doing of King John the Good whose reign was â€Å"disastrous† to France because of his â€Å"chivalric prejudice†, as is pointed out by J Huizinga who rightly claims that it was King Johns â€Å"chivalric stubbornness† and carelessness which cost him the battle of Poitiers in 1356, as well as one of his most celebrated chivalric knights Geroffroi De Charny. This use of chivalry almost seems as though it’s being used to keep up appearances with what was fashionable at the time no matter the cost, and as a result underlines the decline in the spirit of chivalry and therefore the decline of chivalry itself. In conclusion the â€Å"cult† of chivalry as it is sometimes called in the later middle ages is generally considered by the majority of historians who deal with it indirectly or directly as meaningless, and therefore it has to be perceived as being in decline. Karl Brandi labelled the elaborate protocol at play in chivalric court as an â€Å"impressive, sumptuous yet wholly meaningless shell. † Similarly J Huizinga described chivalry as â€Å"naive† and â€Å"imperfect. † Raymond Kilgour on the other hand stated that chivalry was an â€Å"extravagant† illusion to try and maintain a feeling of â€Å"significance. † All these statements overwhelmingly point at a chivalry in a dire state of decline in the late medieval period, however in reality it was going through a revival. Despite this revival, chivalry was weak in spirit and had disastrous effects on society, the outcomes of war and on France itself. From this assumption it’s hard not to see that although chivalry in practise was not in decline in practise its meanings and ideals were, hence why one can see that chivalry was in decline in the 14 and 15th century. How to cite Was Chivalry in Decline During the 14th and 15th Centuries, Papers

Parts of Computer Essay Paper Example For Students

Parts of Computer Essay Paper The Computer System Concept. A computer is more than a high-powered collection Of electronic devices performing a variety of information processing chores. A computer is a system, an interrelated combination Of components that performs the basic system functions of input processing, output storage, and control, thus providing end users with a powerful information processing tool Longstanding the computer as a computer system is vital to the effective use and management of computers. A computer is system of hardware devices organized according o the following system functions. Input. The input devices of a computer system include keyboards, touch screens, pens, electronic mice, optical scanners, and so on. Processing, The central processing unit( CHIP) is the main processing component of a computer system. In microcomputers, it is the main microprocessor. ) In particular, the electronic circuits of the arithmetic-logic unit one tooth Scups major components, perform the arithmetic and logic functions required in computer processing. Output.